Passive breathomics for ultrasensitive characterization of acute and chronic respiratory diseases using electrochemical transduction mechanism

Breathomics is an emerging field that aims to non-invasively diagnose and monitor respiratory diseases using the analysis of exhaled breath. In this review, we present a summary of the various analytical methods such as gas chromatography, and mass spectrometry that are used for the characterization of these VOCs and inorganic gases. We further elucidate on electrochemical transduction mechanism for ultrasensitive characterization of respiratory diseases in breathomics. Electrochemical sensors have several advantages over other detection methods, including high sensitivity, selectivity, and low cost. Electrochemical sensors can be miniaturized and integrated into portable devices, allowing for point-of-care diagnosis. Further advancements in sampling techniques, statistical analysis, and technology integration could pave the way for the widespread use of breath analysis in clinical practice. As research in breathomics continues to advance, electrochemical sensors are likely to play an increasingly significant part in the diagnosis and treatment of respiratory diseases.