Zero-carbon-driven multi-energy coordinated sharing model for building cluster

The energy sharing among different intelligent buildings can improve renewable energy consumption and reduce carbon emission. However, the evaluation of the low carbon value of energy sharing is insufficient. Considering the different percentage of generated power of energy production units on the energy supply side during different periods, this study is the first to use time-of-use carbon emission evaluation factor to calculate the carbon emissions generated by buildings purchasing energy from upper-level networks. Then, an incentive-based carbon reward and punishment model is proposed based on the evaluation model. Meanwhile, operation decision models for different types of intelligent buildings are proposed. The optimal strategies for peer-to-peer energy sharing for intelligent buildings are obtained by the distributed algorithm. Results show that (1) The time-of-use carbon emission evaluation factor can facilitate the change of equipment output and energy consumption plans in buildings, and further improve the benefits of multi-energy sharing. (2) The proposed incentive-based carbon reward and punishment method shows greater advantages in reducing carbon emissions of high carbon emission buildings compared to the traditional carbon reward and punishment method. Although the benefits of some low carbon emission buildings with the proposed method may be sacrificed, CO2 emissions reduce by 7% for the entire building cluster.