Managing non-cooperative behaviors in consensus reaching process: A novel multi-stage linguistic LSGDM framework

Large-scale group decision -making (LSGDM) is a complex process involving numerous decision -makers (DMs). However, considering such a large number of DMs increases the complexity of the process. it seems necessary to pay much more attention to aspects such as a proper dimensionality reduction for scalability, consensus processes with automatic feedback, and effective management of non -cooperative DMs. To address such aspects, this paper presents a novel framework for LSGDM, based on Extended Comparative Linguistic Expressions With Symbolic Translation (ELICIT). We first extend the K -means clustering algorithm by incorporating individual assessments and trust relationships to classify DMs into subgroups, enhancing decision -making efficiency. We then develop a feedback mechanism based on two optimization consensus models for ELICIT information, that automatically provides optimal recommendations. An essential aspect of our proposal is the management of non -cooperative behaviors by utilizing the normal distribution to detect and penalize misbehaviors. Furthermore, we introduce a Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) cross -efficiency method based on ELICIT values to rank all alternatives once an acceptable group consensus degree is reached. The framework's effectiveness is demonstrated through a practical application case study, accompanied by a parametric analysis. Comparisons with existing LSGDM methods highlight the superiority of our proposal in terms of efficiency.