Vitamin delivery systems by spray-drying encapsulation within plant protein-based carriers: A review

Vitamins are essential nutrients involved in a wide range of biological functions in the human body. Since vitamins are required for optimal metabolism, development, and maintenance, most of them must be taken from a diet. However, vitamins are extremely sensitive to oxidation, light, moisture, heat, and free radicals, thus, during processing and storage, they may entirely or partially deteriorate. Encapsulation makes it possible to protect sensitive vitamins in coating materials and preserves them against color loss, quick deterioration, and activity loss by increasing vitamin stability especially in liquid medium. It is important to improve the retention of vitamins in the foods and offer regulated release during digestion by applying particular encapsulation techniques, such as spray drying (SD) and appropriate carrier materials including plant-based proteins. SD is a relatively inexpensive, rapid, adaptable, and simple processing method utilized in the food sector for high-quality encapsulated bioactive ingredients. This review examines the use of SD encapsulation for both water-and fatsoluble vitamins, particularly with carriers derived from plant proteins.