The Impact of Subclinical Hypothyroidism on Lipid Profile in Jeddah

Abstract Background Patients with subclinical hypothyroidism have a high serum concentration of thyroid-stimulating hormone, whereas their serum free thyroxine concentrations are normal. Lipid metabolism is regulated in large part by thyroid hormones. It could be connected to a changed lipid profile. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the relationship between subclinical hypothyroidism and alterations in the lipid profile. Methods Data of 99 patients with subclinical hypothyroidism and 109 euthyroid cases were collected from king Abdulaziz medical city, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia from 2016–2022. Patients older than 18 years, and the groups were matched in terms of gender, age, and body mass index (BMI). SCH was defined as a TSH value of 4.5 to 10 mU/L, and normal T4 as 5 to 18 µg/dL. Control cases had a normal TSH ranging from 0.45 to 4.5 mU/L. The total serum cholesterol (TCHOL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and triglyceride (TG) levels in both groups were examined and the results were recorded. Result In comparison to the control group, SCH patients had greater median HbA1C (p = 0.001) and lower median vitamin D levels (p = 0.004) prior to therapy. Before therapy, SCH patients also showed considerably lower HDL levels and significantly higher LDL and triglyceride levels (p < 0.001). Conclusion there is a substantial correlation between subclinical hypothyroidism and reduced HDL and vitamin D levels. It was linked to increased triglyceride, LDL, and HbA1c levels. Only vitamin D and low-density lipoproteins were pathologically high. Treatment with levothyroxine raised total and LDL cholesterol levels. Future research ought to look into how affordable treating subclinical hypothyroidism is.