Internal Quality Assessment of East African Highland Cooking Banana (Musa spp.) Flour: Significance for Breeding and Industrial Applications

This study assessed the internal quality traits of East African Highland cooking banana flours, exploring their significance for breeding and potential industrial applications. Twenty cultivars (nine hybrids and eleven landraces) were used. Swelling power capacity, water solubility, water absorption capacity, water absorption index, freeze-thawing stability, and pasting characteristics of banana flour were assessed using standard methods. The results showed that cultivars with high swelling power also exhibited a high water absorption capacity and water absorption index, thus making them suitable for bakery industries. The water absorption capacity ranged between 5.66% (N2) and 11.68% (N11). Landraces KBZ (9.01) and NKYK (8.05), and hybrids N11 (11.68) and N9 (8.48) are suitable as thickeners due to high WAC. Hybrids (N7, 27.83%, and N9, 22.59%) and landraces (NMZ, 32.69%, and NFK, 34.24%) had low freeze-thawing stability, hence it is applicable as a food stabilizer. Landrace NKT (19.14%) and hybrid N9 (16.95%) had the highest solubility, and landrace KBZ (6.93%) and hybrid N3 (6.66%) had the lowest solubility. Landraces MSK (6265), NKY (3980), and NFK (3957), and hybrids N6 (3608), N7 (3505), and N9 (3281 RVU) had high peak viscosity. The trough viscosity, final viscosity, and breakdown viscosity of cultivars varied from 422.5 to 5004 RVU. The landraces MSK (5021 RVU) and NFK (4111 RVU) had the highest final viscosity, making them suitable for application in the food industry for thick and stable sauces. Landrace TRZ had the lowest pasting temperature (62.7 degrees C), making it advantageous for use where fast gelatinization is required, hence saving energy costs and cooking time. These findings suggest that the genetic attributes inherent in cultivars can be incorporated into breeding programs targeting required traits for industrial application.