Unlocking insights of oil derivatives with terahertz spectrum analysis: the hybrid refractive index rectangular core photonic crystal fiber perspective sensing

This study clarifies unlocking insights of oil derivatives with terahertz spectrum analysis: the hybrid refractive index rectangular core PCF perspective sensing with near-field scanning. This model constructs and mathematically explores a rectangular core PCF for deployment in petrochemical sensing. The use of circular air holes reduces fabrication difficulty. The objective is to detect diverse substances using terahertz range electromagnetic radiation. The COMSOL Multiphysics toolset employs FEM methods to examine the two different sensing and regulating aspects of the aforementioned sensor. The numerical analysis is performed in the core hole utilizing petrol, diesel, and kerosene. With a high relative sensitivity, the sensor beat prior experiments. The study shows the sensitivity of 97.71%, 98.23%, and 97.01% for kerosene, diesel, and petrol, respectively. Similarly, confinement loss for kerosene is 1.209 × 10 –11 in x -axis, 2.65 × 10 –11 in y -axis for diesel 2.46 × 10 –12 in x -axis, 2.53 × 10 –12 in y -axis, for petrol 9.25 × 10 –11 in x -axis, 2.90 × 10 –10 in y -axis, which is lower than in earlier studies. Our recommended sensor also exhibits substantial effective area of 9.44 × 10 –08 m 2 as well as a modest effective material loss (EML) of effective material loss for kerosene is 0.004065 cm −1 in x -axis, 0.012673 cm −1 in y -axis, for diesel 0.0036226 cm −1 for x -axis, 0.11388 cm −1 for y -axis, and for petrol 0.00471 cm −1 for x -axis, 0.01433 cm −1 for y -axis. This petrochemical sensor guarantee the highest level of sensitivity in the gas, oil, construction, automotive, health care, and cosmetics industries.