Tumor microenvironment-responsive arsenic-loaded layered double hydroxides film with synergistic anticancer and bactericidal activity

Malignant obstruction makes gallbladder cancer have a high mortality rate. Nickel–titanium alloy (nitinol) stents are commonly used as a local intervention to maximize patient survival time, but the stents lack antitumor and antibacterial capacity and are vulnerable to secondary obstruction. Arsenic-based drugs show good therapeutic promise against gallbladder cancer. To meet clinical needs, the layered double hydroxides (LDHs) film is constructed on the nitinol, whose arsenite loading amounts rose by 60