Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cells attenuate acute lung injury induced by trauma and haemorrhagic shock

Background: Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have shown promising therapeutic options for acute lung injury (ALI) caused by multiple factors. Here, we evaluated the therapeutic potential of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (ADSCs) in trauma and hemorrhagic shock (THS)-induced ALI.Methods: ALI model induced by THS was constructed by fractures plus abdominal trauma plus acute hemorrhage plus fluid resuscitation. The ADSCs group rats were generated by injecting 2 x 106 ADSCs at 0 and 1 h after THS. The sham, ALI, and ADSCs group rats were sacriflced at 24 h after resuscitation. The changes in lung histopathology, total protein in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory/antiinflammatory cytokines, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic indicator, and the activity of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling in lung tissues were evaluated.Results: Administration of the ADSCs reversed ALI induced by THS, including lung histopathological changes/ scores, and BALF total protein concentration. Additionally, ADSCs therapy also signiflcantly down-regulated mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, and IL-6, up-regulated mRNA expression of antiinflammatory IL-10, anti-apoptotic molecule Bcl-2, and anti-oxidative molecule HO-1 in THS rats. Furthermore, ADSCs suppressed the expression of TLR4 in lung tissue.Conclusion: Our data show that ADSCs administration can exert therapeutic effects on THS-induced ALI in rats and may provide beneflcial in preventative strategies for ALI.