An approach for live imaging of first cleavage in mouse embryos using fluorescent chemical probes for DNA, microtubules, and microfilaments

Purpose: Dynamic morphological changes in the chromosome and cytoskeleton occur in mammals and humans during early embryonic development, and abnormalities such as embryonic chromosomal aneuploidy occur when development does not proceed normally. Visualization of the intracellular organelles and cytoskeleton allows elucidation of the development of early mammalian embryos. The behavior of the DNA and cytoskeleton in early mammalian embryos has conventionally been observed by injecting target molecule mRNAs, incorporating a fluorescent substance-expressing gene, into embryos. In this study, we visualized the chronological behavior of male and female chromosome condensation in mouse embryos, beginning in the two-pronuclear zygote, through the first division to the two-cell stage, using fluorescent chemical probes to visualize the behavior of DNA, microtubules, and microfilaments.Method: Mouse two-pronuclear stage embryo were immersed in medium containing fluorescent chemical probes to visualize DNA, microtubules, and microfilaments. Observation was performed with a confocal microscope.Results: This method allowed us to observe how chromosome segregation errors in first somatic cell divisions in mouse embryos and enabled dynamic analysis of a phenomenon called lagging chromosomes.Conclusions: By applying this method, we can observe any stage of embryonic development, which may provide new insights into embryonic development in other mammals.