Nail Penetration Test Analysis for Internal Short Circuit in Large Capacity Lithium-ion Batteries

Internal short circuit is a serious safety hazard for lithium-ion battery energy storage systems, as it can rapidly generate heat and cause thermal runaway. The nail penetration test is a commonly used method to simulate ISC faults in large capacity lithium-ion batteries, but the effects of various test parameters such as nail stepping rate, shape of steel nails, initial state of charge of batteries under test, series and parallel connection of module are not completely understood. In this work, we have established an experimental platform for nail penetration tests to conduct a series of comparative penetration tests with a 120Ah battery, thereby simulating ISC events to verify the influence of various experiment settings on the voltage and temperature of large-capacity lithium-ion batteries. The results of this study can help to design more realistic and reproducible experimental schemes for simulating ISC faults of li-ion batteries, and provide a better understanding of the effects of these test parameters.