Evaluating Changing Extents of Built Environment from Singapore Measures against Covid-19: A Case Study of A Smart Building

This study proposes a new viewpoint of evaluating built environment changes due to measures taken against Covid-19 pandemic. This case study leverages general environmental variables, such as carbon dioxide, temperature, humidity, PM10 and PM2.5, to explore built environment changes. The proposed approach performs normalization and statistical analysis on multi-scale and multi-spatiotemporal physical entities to achieve mutually comparable and unitary indicators. The results of this case study validates that carbon dioxide, as the highest value of indicator Θ avg ≈ 0.44976, has a homogeneous characteristic regardless of locations in the smart building. The results also show that it can be used as an explicit attribute of hidden Markov modelling, which may be further applicable to different use-cases. Moreover, this indicator may also be potentially used for understanding the resume or recovery resilience of a building due to major disturbance occurrence. In this case study, the resume or recovery resilience level was about 55% by July 2021 during the Resume Activity: Phase 3 Heightened Alert period.