Factors associated with disease progression in patients with atrial fibrillation and heart failure anticoagulated with rivaroxaban

BackgroundPatients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure (HF) have a high risk of thromboembolism and other outcomes and anticoagulation is recommended.HypothesisThis study was aimed to explore the risk factors associated with HF worsening in patients with AF and HF taking rivaroxaban in Spain.MethodsMulticenter, prospective, observational study that included adults with AF and chronic HF, receiving rivaroxaban >= 4 months before entering. HF worsening was defined as first hospitalization or emergency visit because of HF exacerbation.ResultsA total of 672 patients from 71 Spanish centers were recruited, of whom 658 (97.9%) were included in the safety analysis and 552 (82.1%) in the per protocol analysis. At baseline, mean age was 73.7 +/- 10.9 years, 64.9% were male, CHA2DS2-VASc was 4.1 +/- 1.5, HAS-BLED was 1.6 +/- 0.9% and 51.3% had HF with preserved ejection fraction. After 24 months of follow-up, 24.9% of patients developed HF worsening, 11.6% died, 2.9% had a thromboembolic event, 3.1% a major bleeding, 0.5% an intracranial bleeding and no patient had a fatal hemorrhage. Older age, the history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, the previous use of vitamin K antagonists, and restrictive or infiltrative cardiomyopathies, were independently associated with HF worsening. Only 6.9% of patients permanently discontinued rivaroxaban treatment.ConclusionsApproximately one out of four patients with HF and AF treated with rivaroxaban developed a HF worsening episode after 2 years of follow-up. The identification of those factors that increase the risk of HF worsening could be helpful in the comprehensive management of this population. Multicenter, prospective, observational study that included 672 adults from 71 Spanish centers with AF and chronic HF, receiving rivaroxaban. At baseline, mean age was 73.7 +/- 10.9 years, 64.9% were male, CHA2DS2-VASc was 4.1 +/- 1.5, HAS-BLED was 1.6 +/- 0.9% and 51.3% had HF with preserved ejection fraction. After 24 months of follow-up, 24.9% of patients developed HF worsening, 11.6% died, 2.9% had a thromboembolic event, 3.1% a major bleeding, 0.5% an intracranial bleeding and no patient had a fatal hemorrhage. Older age, the history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, the previous use of vitamin K antagonists, and restrictive or infiltrative cardiomyopathies, were independently associated with HF worsening. Only 6.9% of patients permanently discontinued rivaroxaban treatment.image