Does size matter? Hospital volume and resource use in paediatric diabetes care

Aims: Paediatric diabetes care has become increasingly specialised due to the multidisciplinary approach and technological developments. Guidelines recommend sufficient experience of treatment teams. This study evaluates associations between hospital volume and resource use and hospital expenditure in Dutch children with diabetes.Methods: Retrospective cohort study using hospital claims data of 5082 children treated across 44 Dutch hospitals (2019-2020). Hospitals were categorised into three categories; small (>= 20-100 patients), medium (>= 100-200 patients) and large (>= 200 patients). All-cause hospitalisations, consultations, technology and hospital expenditure were analysed and adjusted for age, sex, socio-economic status (SES) and hospital of treatment.Results: Fewer hospitalisations were observed in large hospitals compared to small hospitals (OR 0.48; [95% CI 0.32-0.72]; p < 0.001). Median number of yearly paediatrician visits was 7 in large and 6 in small hospitals, the significance of which was attenuated in multilevel analysis (OR >= 7 consultations: 1.89; [95%CI 0.74-4.83]; p = 0.18). Technology use varies between individual hospitals, whereas pump usage and real-time continuous glucose monitoring showed no significant differences between hospital volumes. Mean overall expenditure was highest in medium-sized centres with 6434 per patient (IQR 2555-7955); the difference in diabetes care costs was not significant between hospital patient volumes.Conclusions: Care provision patterns vary by hospital patient volume. Large hospitals had the lowest hospitalisation rates. The use of diabetes technology was not different between hospital patient volumes. Medium-sized hospitals showed the highest overall expenditure, but diabetes care costs were similar across hospital volumes.