An Energy Efficient and Reliable Strategies for Intra-Cluster and Inter-Cluster Communications in Wireless Sensor Networks

The development and widespread adoption of numerous wireless technologies are opening the door to novel forms of remote monitoring. Because of their adaptability, performance, low cost, and mobility, sensing devices are gaining in popularity. Due to their portability and flexibility, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) can be a viable alternative to hardwired infrastructure in geographically dispersed settings. There has been a rise in their popularity due to their capacity to detect and report changes in a wide range of environmental and physical variables, including temperature, sound, vibration, pressure, and many more. The primary goal of this study is to identify intra- and inter-cluster communication protocols that are suitable in terms of energy efficiency, scalability, and dependability. At this stage, the specified region is partitioned into clusters, and the leader nodes of those clusters are chosen according to predetermined criteria. Once a cluster has formed, periodic and aperiodic data can be sensed and communicated among members using appropriate MAC protocols. In order to take advantage of the best features of CSMA/CA and variable TDMA, these protocols need a third, hybrid way of data sensing. As a result, the proposed protocols require less power to run while still providing excellent reliability and scalability for a static network's periodic and event-based data transmission.