Plant species within-community mobility is determined by traits of leaf economic spectrum, clonality, and life form

Mobility is highly species-specific and individual species mobility can be predicted by species traits, yet this topic remains largely understudied. We analyzed data on species presences/absences in permanent subplots (1m × 1m) within 15 main plots 10m × 10m) over 24 years originating from a grassland biodiversity experiment in Czechia. Plots differed in initial species richness and composition. We estimated mean individual species persistence and searched for any relationship with individual species traits. We also tested the effect of sowing richness/composition on species persistence and community mobility. Our results show that individual species have very different mobilities which vary in time and can be predicted by species traits, most importantly by leaf traits, clonal traits, and traits characterizing species life forms. Trait syndrome corresponding to the traveler part of the mobility gradient typically includes annuals having a taproot, long-lasting seedbank, and high SLA. Trait syndrome of sitters includes perennial hemicryptophytes with effective clonal reproduction and transient seedbank. Importantly, trait association with species mobility is spatial scale dependent, whereas studies on the spatial scale of 0.01m 2 show that clonality increases mobility, in our case clonality increases the persistence of species in 1m 2 units. In contrast with an evident linkage between mobility and traits, the effect of community richness/composition on species/community mobility was weak and detectable in the very first years of the experiment only.