Ethylparaben Toxicity on Cladocerans Daphnia Similis and Ceriodaphnia Silvestrii and Species Sensitivity Analysis

Parabens, a group of preservatives with a wide industrial range, threaten human and aquatic biota health due to their toxicity and endocrine disruption potential. As conventional wastewater treatment may not be enough to keep natural environments safe, toxicity studies are useful tools for supporting ecological risk assessments. Here, we focused on assessing ethylparaben’s, one of the most common kinds of paraben, toxicity in the cladocerans Daphnia similis and Ceriodaphnia silvestrii . The EC 50 sensitivity for D. similis and C. silvestrii was 24 (21–28) mg L − 1 and 25 (19–33) mg L − 1 , respectively. Inhibition of reproduction and late development of females were observed in C. silvestrii exposed to 8 mg L − 1 . Furthermore, species sensitivity distribution was used to assess ecological risk, and ethylparaben demonstrated low potential risk for aquatic biota.