Lower-hybrid waves coupled to multiple heavy ion ring distributions in the SMART experiment¹

We present stability analysis of lower-hybrid (LH) waves coupled to multiple heavy ion ring distributions [1] Previous studies have considered the excitation of LH waves by a ring of ions. However, those studies have often assumed: (a) That there is only one ring [2] or (b) When there are multiple rings, all rings have the same density [3] Furthermore, the instability analysis of multiple ion rings with multiple ion background densities such as those found in the Earth’s ionosphere has never been carried out.