Composite Vortex Theory as a New Design Strategy for Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces

Intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRSs) or, more in general, Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RISs) are promising technologies that could revolutionize wireless communication systems, by enhancing signal strength, coverage, and security, as well as by reducing interference and energy consumption [1]–[4]. Indeed, the interaction of the electromagnetic waves with the propagating environment can be finely controlled by covering environmental objects with planar structures, whose electromagnetic response can be engineered and, eventually, electronically adjusted for achieving anomalous reflection/transmission properties.