Flexible Power Flow for Controlled Islanded Microgrids Including Battery Energy Storage Systems

This paper addresses the formulation problem of a power flow for controlled islanded microgrids including battery energy storage systems. The formulation considers droop-based primary controllers, probability-based wind distributions and power curves for the distributed generation units, and sigmoid-based models for the BESS operation and the load shedding. Two case studies are addressed where different BESS conditions are selected to highlight its role in the islanded microgrid, and its impact in the microgrid operative steady-state dynamics. The obtained results corroborate the proposed power flow formulation reliability for representing the controlled islanded microgrid and its usefulness for detailed operative planning and design.