Clinical assessment, treatment, and referral trends for adolescent runners seeking care at an injured runners' clinic.

PURPOSE:Over a 10-year time frame, this study aimed to evaluate diagnosis, treatment, and referral trends for adolescent runners seeking care for running-related injuries (RRIs) at a clinic that specializes in running medicine. METHODS:This study was a retrospective chart review of 392 adolescent runners (2,326 encounters) who sought care for RRIs between the years 2011 and 2021. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize clinical assessments, referrals, assistive devices, and medications prescribed or administered overall and by injury type. Chi-square analyses were used to compare proportions of services rendered across the 10-year time frame. RESULTS:Patients most frequently received manual evaluations or special tests during clinic visits. Most visits resulted in at least one referral (91%), primarily for physical therapy or gait-training. Assistive devices and medications/supplements were offered at only 18% of patient visits. The majority of assessments (X2 = 69.7, p = 0.002), treatments (X2: 23.6-43.8, p: <  0.001-0.003), and referrals (X2 = 132, p <  0.001) were for shin injuries. Larger proportions of nutrition assessments (X2 = 40.7, p <  0.001), interventions (X2 = 26.8, p = 0.003), and referrals (X2 = 27.5, p = 0.002) were performed in or after the year 2015. CONCLUSION:Clinic visits for shin injuries required the most clinical resources per episode of care. There were observed shifts in clinical assessment and treatment approaches to include more expanded nutritional and physiologic considerations.