Rapid evaluation of habitat connectivity change to safeguard multispecies persistence in human-transformed landscapes

Protecting habitat connectivity in fragmented landscapes is essential for safeguarding biodiversity and nature's contributions to people. Following the Post-2020 Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (KM-GBF) of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) there is a clear science-policy need to assess habitat connectivity and track its change over time to inform conservation planning. In response to this need we describe an analytical, multi-indicator and multispecies approach for the rapid assessment of habitat connectivity at fine spatial grain and at the extent of an entire ecoregion. Out of 69 connectivity indicators we found through a literature review, we identified a key-set of nine indicators that align with the Essential Biodiversity Variables framework and that are suitable to guide rapid action for connectivity and conservation targets in the KM-GBF. Using these selected indicators, we mapped and evaluated connectivity change from 2011 to 2021 across the ecoregion of the St-Lawrence Lowlands in Quebec (~30,000 km2) for seven ecoprofile species representing regional forest habitat needs. For the majority of these ecoprofile species, trends over the last decade indicate a decline in effective connected area and metapopulation carrying capacity, mainly via a division of large contiguous habitat into smaller fragments, whereas total habitat area largely remained unchanged. These results highlight that trends in habitat area and connectivity are not necessarily correlated and the urgent need to conserve and restore connectivity in the St-Lawrence Lowlands, in order to meet regional targets under the KM-GBF. Our general approach enables a comprehensive evaluation of connectivity for regional spatial planning for biodiversity. We develop an R-tool to support this analysis and that can be extended to other conservation planning efforts for connectivity. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest.