Integrated Transcriptome and Metabolomics to Reveal the Mechanism of Adipose Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Treating Liver Fibrosis

Liver fibrosis (LF) is a late-stage process observed in various chronic liver diseases with bile and retinol metabolism closely associated with it. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) have shown significant therapeutic potential in treating LF. In this study, the transplantation of ADMSCs was applied to a CCl4-induced LF model to investigate its molecular mechanism through a multi-omics joint analysis. The findings reveal that ADMSCs effectively reduced levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin (TBIL), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and alpha-Smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), thereby mitigating liver lesions, preventing liver parenchymal necrosis, and improving liver collagen deposition. Furthermore, 4751 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 270 differentially expressed metabolites (DMs) were detected via transcriptome and metabolomics analysis. Conjoint analysis showed that ADMSCs up-regulated the expression of Cyp7a1, Baat, Cyp27a1, Adh7, Slco1a4, Aldh1a1, and Adh7 genes to promote primary bile acids (TCDCA: Taurochenodeoxycholic acid; GCDCA: Glycochenodeoxycholic acid; GCA: glycocholic acid, TCA: Taurocholic acid) synthesis, secretion and retinol metabolism. This suggests that ADMSCs play a therapeutic role in maintaining bile acid (BA) homeostasis and correcting disturbances in retinol metabolism.