HIV Knowledge, Risk Factors, and Utilization of Services in the US Rural Deep South

Background HIV prevalence in the rural South remains high among Black Americans due to limited access to prevention and treatment services and poverty. HIV care inequities for Black Americans living in the rural South are further intensified by high mortality rates, low HIV health literacy, stigma, and discrimination. Few studies have focused on HIV knowledge and risk factors within Black Americans in the rural South. Methods This cross-sectional study examined the association between HIV risk factors, HIV knowledge, and utilization of HIV and/or sexually transmitted infection (STI) testing services among Black Americans ( N = 200) living in the rural South. HIV knowledge, risk factors, and utilization of testing services were assessed via The HIV Knowledge Questionnaire, The HIV Risk Factor Questionnaire, and three investigator-generated questions, respectively. Linear regression was used to examine the relationship between demographic characteristics, HIV knowledge, utilization of testing services, and HIV risk factors. Results Among 200 participants, a smaller percentage (37.7%, n = 75) reported using HIV/STI testing services compared to non-users. Controlling for demographic covariates in the model, HIV knowledge ( p < .0001) and marital status ( p = .010) were significantly associated with HIV risk factors. HIV risk factors decreased as HIV knowledge increased. Individuals who reported being single also reported having fewer risk factors. Conclusion Future research should examine the impact of HIV education tailored for individuals with greater HIV risk factors within rural Black Americans. Studies exploring barriers to the utilization of HIV/STI testing services within Black American rural communities are warranted.