Temporal Trends and Outcomes of Patients With Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia With and Without History of Coronary Artery Disease: Insights From the US National Inpatient Sample Database

Background. The burden and prognostic significance of coronary artery disease (CAD) in adults with peripheral artery disease and chronic limb -threatening ischemia (CLTI) is unknown. Methods. Temporal trends in prevalence of significant CAD (history of myocardial infarction or coronary revascularizations) in hospitalizations for CLTI were determined using the 2000 to 2018 National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database. A multivariable regression analysis of outcomes was performed based on presence or absence of CAD. Results. Among 13 575 099 hospitalizations for CLTI (41% female, 69% white, mean age 69 years), 23% had concomitant CAD, of which 11% underwent lower extremity arterial revascularization (43.6% endovascular and 56.4% surgical). The prevalence of concomitant CAD with CLTI increased from 15.3% in 2000 to 23.1% in 2018. Furthermore, the frequency of endovascular revascularization in adults with CAD and CLTI increased from 15.1% to 48.3%, while there was a decreasing trend of surgical revascularization, from 84.9% to 51.7%. After multivariate adjustments, CLTI with CAD was associated with increased risk of in -hospital mortality (OR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.32-1.47; P < .0001) and bleeding requiring transfusion (OR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.06-1.12; P < .0001) compared with patients with CLTI without CAD. As compared with surgical revascularization, endovascular revascularization was associated with lower risk of in -hospital mortality in both patients with CLTI with CAD (OR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.63-0.76; P < .001) and CLTI without CAD (OR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.67-0.76; P < .001). Conclusions. Prevalence of CAD has increased in adults presenting with CLTI and is associated with poor outcomes, warranting the need for effective interventions and secondary prevention in this high -risk population.