Multi-Objective Transmission Expansion: An Offshore Wind Power Integration Case Study
IEEE Transactions on Energy Markets, Policy and Regulation(2023)
摘要
Despite ambitious offshore wind targets in the U.S. and globally, offshore
grid planning guidance remains notably scarce, contrasting with
well-established frameworks for onshore grids. This gap, alongside the
increasing penetration of offshore wind and other clean-energy resources in
onshore grids, highlights the urgent need for a coordinated planning framework.
Our paper describes a multi-objective, multistage generation, storage and
transmission expansion planning model to facilitate efficient and resilient
large-scale adoption of offshore wind power. Recognizing regulatory emphasis,
in some cases, requirements to consider externalities, this model explicitly
accounts for negative externalities: greenhouse gas emissions and local
emission-induced air pollution. Utilizing an 8-zone ISO-NE test system and a
9-zone PJM test system, we explore grid expansion sensitivities, onshore and
offshore, due to offshore wind integration, including impacts of optimizing
Points of Interconnection (POIs) versus fixed POIs, negative externalities, and
consideration of extreme operational scenarios. Our results indicate that
accounting for negative externalities necessitates greater upfront investment
in clean generation and storage (balanced by lower expected operational costs)
and less offshore investment. Optimizing POIs could significantly reshape
offshore topology or POIs and lower total cost, albeit requiring more onshore
transmission. Extreme operational scenarios typically result in greater
operational costs and onshore line investment.
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关键词
Externalities,offshore wind integration,resiliency,transmission expansion
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