基于分层土壤的水土调控方法试验

ZHENG Liping,GAN Yongde, JIA Yangwen, WU Yushuai, LIU Huan, YUAN Riping

South-to-North Water Transfers and Water Science & Technology(2023)

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Abstract
以土壤物理学原理为指导,充分利用土壤基本物理性质,提出一种通过调整土壤剖面的分层组合方式,达到调控水土过程的技术,命名为人工分层配土(artificially layered soil,ALS)工程.为验证人工分层配土工程在水土调控方面的作用,开展室内积水入渗试验、植被蒸散发试验和野外干旱区土壤水分观测试验.结果表明:室内试验中,通过调整土壤剖面结构,人工分层配土显著提高了土壤的入渗能力,初始入渗速率提高3倍以上,平均入渗速率提高67.57%,土壤累计入渗量增加47.14%,同时降低了表层土壤含水量,减少38.39%土壤的无效蒸发量;野外试验中,分层配土处理组土壤含水量主要储存在地表下31~50 cm处,而野外原状土土壤含水量主要位于表层土壤,且相较于原状土壤,人工分层配土耗水量减少13.32%,耗水速率降低12.90%.因此,人工分层配土工程实现了水土调控的目的,对干旱区水土资源调控和荒漠化防治具有重要的意义.
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Key words
soil physical property,layered soil,soil water content,soil evaporation,soil infiltration
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