CD4 + CCR8 + Tregs in ovarian cancer: a potential effector Tregs for immune regulation

Background Tregs are key drivers of immunosuppression in solid tumors. As an important chemokine receptor on Tregs, the regulatory effect of CCR8 on tumor immunity has received more and more attention. However, the current research on CCR8 in the immune microenvironment of ovarian cancer has not been clear. Methods Bioinformatics analysis was used to compare the transcriptome differences between CD4 + T cells in the peripheral circulation and infiltrated in ovarian tumor tissues. RT-PCR was used to detect the expression levels of chemokine receptor-related differential genes on CD4 + T cells in peripheral blood and ovarian tumor tissues. Multiparameter flow cytometry was used to detect the proportion and phenotypic characteristics of CD4 + CCR8 + Tregs and CD4 + CCR8 − Tregs in different sample types. The expression level of CCR8 ligands was detected at multiple levels. To explore the important role of CCR8-CCL1 and CCR8-CCL18 axis in the migration and invasion of CD4 + CCR8 + Tregs into ovarian tumor tissues by establishing a chemotaxis system in vitro. Results In this study, significantly different gene expression profiles were found between peripheral circulating CD4 + T cells and infiltrating CD4 + T cells in ovarian tumor tissues, in which chemokine-chemokine receptor signaling pathway was significantly enriched in all three groups of differential genes. The expression level of CCR8 in infiltrating CD4 + T cells of ovarian cancer tissue was significantly higher than that in peripheral blood of healthy controls and ovarian cancer patients, and high expression of CCR8 was significantly correlated with advanced tumor stage and poor differentiation. CD4 + CCR8 + Tregs are the main type of infiltrating CD4 + Tregs in ovarian tumor tissues, which have stronger immunosuppressive phenotypes, secrete more inhibitory cytokines and have stronger proliferation ability. The ligands CCL1 and CCL18 corresponding to CCR8 were significantly overexpressed in ovarian tumor tissues, and the CCR8-CCL1 and CCR8-CCL18 axis played a key role in the migration and infiltration of CD4 + CCR8 + Tregs into ovarian tumor tissues. Conclusions The results of this study may help to understand the phenotypic characteristics and recruitment process of Tregs in the tumor, and provide new ideas for improving the immunosuppressive status of the ovarian cancer microenvironment.