Universal Wet-Chemistry-Methods Synthesized Novel Halide-Intercalated Perovskites with Reduced Exciton Confinement for Low-Dose X-ray Scintillation Imaging

X-ray radiography, playing a crucial role in the daily life of humans, extends the application landscapes of perovskites. Lead halide perovskites remain superior candidates because of strong X-ray absorption and effective conversion of X-ray to visible photons. Unfortunately, the perovskites exhibiting efficient band-edge emission (3D, quasi-2D or 2D) usually suffer from severe self-absorption, while the perovskites showing broadband emission with large stokes shift (0D, 1D or 2D) usually have low quantum yield with long afterglow or poor solution-processability. Halide-intercalated perovskites, with incorporated halides in organic layers, exhibit attractive optoelectronic properties due to reduced confinement of excitons, but their development falls far behind due to limited molecular design strategies and wet-chemistry methods. Here, the use of universal-wet-chemistry-synthesized novel halide-intercalated perovskites as an efficient X-ray scintillator for X-ray imaging is reported. These novel perovskites exhibit superior luminescence by exploiting both free and self-trapped excitons via halide intercalation. Accordingly, such perovskite scintillators present higher radioluminescence performance compared with conventional perovskite scintillators through enhanced radiative recombination and suppressed self-absorption simultaneously. With such a scintillator screen, high-performance X-ray imaging is demonstrated. The results not only represent a universal synthesis route for the development of perovskites, but also provide valuable guidance for high-performance X-ray radiography. The design and fabrication of novel halide-intercalated perovskite scintillators with universal innovative wet-chemistry methods, which can be applied for growing 3D, 2D, and Q-2D lead, tin, and mixed tin-lead perovskites, are reported. These halide-intercalated perovskites show low self-absorption and efficient radiative recombination by utilizing both free and self-trapped excitons, benefiting high-performance X-ray imaging with low X-ray doses.image