MRI features for predicting the pathological grade of HCC in patients undergoing liver transplantation

Background Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays a crucial role in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study aims to assess the performance of MRI features for evaluating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) aggressiveness in living liver transplantation in patients. Material and methods This retrospective study included patients who underwent liver transplantation in our hospital between 2015 and 2020. Abdominal contrast-enhanced MRIs of these patients were reviewed, and clinical, radiological, and histopathological findings of HCCs were recorded. The prognostic features of HCCs as determined by MRI were compared with Edmondson-Steiner (E-S) grades. Liver parenchyma fibrosis based on an apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) map was correlated with histological subclassification of cirrhosis using the Laennec staging system. Results The study subjects included 37 men and 8 women with a mean age of 59.56 ± 7.81 (range: 25–72). The mean tumour size was 37.33 ± 22.27 mm (range: 10–118 mm), and nine tumours (23.1%) involved portal vein tumour thrombosis. There was a significant correlation between tumour grade and size ( p = 0.007) and intratumoral fat ( p = 0.014) even though no significant correlations between grade and mean ADC value, capsule appearance, presence of satellite lesions, smooth margin, imaging of the tumour feeding artery, and corona enhancement of HCC ( p > 0.05) were found. There was a statistically significant correlation between mild (stage 4A) and moderate (stage 4B) fibrosis of non-tumorous liver parenchyma and ADC value ( p < 0.001). Conclusion Our study found that ADC values can be used to distinguish mild cirrhotic livers from moderate cirrhotic livers. Diffusion MRI might be used to diagnose the degree of liver fibrosis without histopathological analysis. According to our results, only intralesional fat and tumour size correlated with tumour grade, and as such, these parameters could be used as prognostic MRI biomarkers for HCC.