Associations of sugar-sweetened beverages, artificially sweetened beverages, and natural juices with cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in individuals with inflammatory bowel disease in a prospective cohort study

Background:Beverage consumption was found to be associated with cardiovascular disease and mortality in the general population. However, it is unclear whether this association still exists in individuals with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).Objectives:To investigate the associations of sugar-sweetened beverages, artificially sweetened beverages, and natural juices with cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality among individuals with IBD.Design:Prospective cohort study.Methods:We included 1981 participants with IBD in the UK Biobank. Consumption of beverages was measured using a validated 24-h diet recall. Outcomes of interest were overall cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).Results:During a mean (SD) follow-up of 10.1 (1.7) years, we documented 205 cardiovascular events and 133 deaths. Compared to non-consumers, those consuming sugar-sweetened beverages more than 1 unit/day (reported in glasses/cans/250 ml/cartons) were associated with 64% (95% CI: 5-155, p = 0.030) and 97% (95% CI: 16-233, p = 0.012) increased risk of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality, respectively. We also observed a 78% (95% CI: 3-205, p = 0.038) increased risk of cardiovascular disease in participants who consumed artificially sweetened beverages more than 1 unit/day when compared with non-consumers. We did not observe significant associations between natural juice consumption and the two outcomes in IBD.Conclusion:Higher sugar- and artificially sweetened beverage consumption were associated with adverse cardiovascular and mortality outcomes in IBD. These exploratory results were consistent with the evidence in the general population and highlighted the importance of diet management in individuals with IBD.