Non-iterative multi-area coordinated energy and reserve allocation model for hybrid AC/DC power systems with flexible frequency operation

As the result of renewable energy natural intermittency, load shedding and renewables curtailment are inevitable to keep supply and demand balance in high penetration level power systems. Luckily, with accurate estimation and proper allocation of the reserve, power fluctuation can be smoothed appreciably. Therefore, this study presents a novel coordinated day-ahead economic dispatch model for both energy and reserve in bulk hybrid AC/DC power systems. Flexible frequency operation for each regional sub AC system is applied to estimate reserve demand, while renewable energy forecast error is described by the versatile probability distribution. Considering practical operation structure in China, a non-iterative bi-layer dispatch algorithm is proposed to share power and reserve between interconnected subsystems by applying DC tie-lines' flexibility. This bi-layer structure is achieved through the upper layer deciding the boundary variables with aggregated generation information provided by the lower layer. Then each lower layer regional AC grid solves its own programming with the boundary variables. Simulation is carried out to verify the efficacy of the proposed dispatch model and distributed solution methodology. (c) 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under theCCBY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).