Optimization of Large-Area PM6:D18-CL:Y6 Ternary Organic Solar Cells: The Influence of Film Thickness, Annealing Temperature, and Connection Configuration

This research focuses on the fabrication and optimization of large-area PM6:D18-CL:Y6 ternary organic solar cells, with a particular emphasis on film thickness, annealing temperature, and the connection configuration's impact on device performance. The experimental findings indicate that an optimal film thickness of approximately 105 nm fosters the formation of a well-interconnected network, reducing defects and significantly improving both the fill factor, which reaches 46.2%, and the power conversion efficiency (PCE) at 7.2%. An annealing temperature of 110 degrees C stands out as the ideal condition, resulting in the highest PCE of 8.15%. Notably, excessively high annealing temperatures lead to material aggregation, compromising device performance. Regarding the connection configurations, the study demonstrates that the 5-series 4-parallel arrangement surpasses traditional setups, achieving an impressive output power of 0.11 W. In conclusion, the meticulous control of the film thickness and annealing temperature is paramount for achieving a high PCE in large-area PM6:D18-CL:Y6 ternary organic solar cells. The 5-series 4-parallel configuration exhibits considerable promise for an enhanced power output, offering valuable insights into the development and industrialization of large-area organic solar cells.