Maturing Effects in Carbon-Based Perovskite Solar Cells: Understanding and Consequences on Photovoltaic Performances

Recent investigations have highlighted the potential of posttreatments to enhance the performance of specific perovskite solar cells (PSCs), notably focusing on those incorporating carbon-based materials (C-PSC). However, the precise mechanisms underpinning this performance boost remain somewhat elusive. This study aims to delve deeper into the maturation phenomenon observed in C-PSC, concentrating on two distinct methods of perovskite deposition: drop casting and inkjet printing. Upon subjecting the cells to the maturation process, elevation in power conversion efficiency (PCE) becomes evident. Specifically, drop-cast cells exhibit a PCE advancement from 10.5% to 14%, while inkjet-printed cells showcase an improvement from 10% to 14%. In the context of drop-cast cells, characterized by a relatively thicker and spatially heterogeneous perovskite layer, maturation prompts alterations within the perovskite layer itself. Conversely, in the realm of inkjet solar cells boasting a thinner yet more uniform active layer thickness, maturation exerts distinctive impacts, primarily manifesting at the interfaces. The observed maturation phenomenon exhibits a dependence on the solar cell's architecture and morphology, underscoring the pivotal role of these aspects in determining the ensuing effects. These revelations offer illuminating insights into the intricate dynamics of PSCs and offer valuable guidance for the ongoing refinement of their performance. Literature has emphasized the potential of maturation to enhance the performance of perovskite solar cells (PSC). The mechanisms behind this boost are not understood. This study investigates maturation in carbon-based PSC, comparing two processes: drop casting and inkjet printing. Maturation affects the perovskite layer in drop-cast cells and interfaces in inkjet-printed cells, showing dependence on cell architecture and morphology.image (c) 2023 WILEY-VCH GmbH