Distribution of symbiotic bacteria Spiroplasma , Rickettsia , Wolbachia in populations of Adalia bipunctata (Linnaeus, 1758)

Adalia bipunctata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) is the host of three different symbiotic bacteria: Spiroplasma , Rickettsia , and Wolbachia . This paper presents an overview of data on the distribution of these bacteria in populations of the two-spot ladybird from different parts of the area: Sweden (Stockholm), Russia – from Karelia to Transbaikalia, and Kyrgyzstan. It is noted that in Moscow and St. Petersburg, the symbiosis of bacteria with A. bipunctata has been observed for almost 30 years, that is, it persists steadily. Since both symbiotic bacteria and mitochondrial DNA are inherited cytoplasmatically, the long-term existence of symbionts in the population can lead to a change in the frequency ratio of haplotypes. Spiroplasma , Rickettsia , and Wolbachia usually affect the reproduction of A. bipunctata , causing the male killing, however, sometimes there are strains of Wolbachia that do not cause the male killing. Adalia bipunctata has a parasitoid Aprostocetus sp. (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), which also has a Wolbachia symbiont. However, the Wolbachia strains from the parasitoid are not related to the bacterial strains from A. bipunctata , which indicates the absence of horizontal transfer between the host beetle and the larvae of the parasitoid. The carriers of the symbionts may be Coccipolipus hippodamiae (Acarina: Podapolipidae) mites that parasitize ladybirds.