Volcanic ash from La Palma (Canary Islands, Spain) as Portland cement constituent

The last volcanic eruption on the island of La Palma (Spain) took place in 2021. Significant activity started in September of that year with the vigorous emission of volcanic gases and ash and lasted for three months. It is estimated that the Cumbre Vieja volcano emitted more than ten million cubic meters of ash comprising pyroclastic materials like those found in many parts of the world. Some of these volcanic ash deposits are untapped, despite their potential construction industry applications. Since the chemical composition and mineralogy of the ash depends on the type of magma from it originates, this paper characterizes this material and evaluates its suitability as a major constituent of Portland cement. This volcanic ash is rich in silica (45%) and alumina (15%), meaning it reacts with portlandite. The blended cements with up to 40% replacement content meet the standardized chemical, physical, and mechanical requirements and present good intrinsic durability values (resistivity and capillary absorption), making them viable for the manufacture of low-carbon-footprint eco-cements. This paper seeks to provide society with lasting technical, environmental, and social benefits through recovery of this ash.