Sufficiently Enriched Dual-Ion Batteries with Ferrocenyl Substituted Nickel(II) Norcorrole Organic Electrodes

Ferrocenyl-substituted nickel(II) norcorrole and nickel(II) porphyrin (Fc2NiNc and Fc2NiPor, respectively) are prepared as active electrode materials for dual-ion batteries, which enables the systematically study of aromaticity and antiaromaticity for organic electrode materials. Intrinsically, Fc2NiNc and Fc2NiPor electrodes have excellent electrochemical behaviors with dual ion interaction with Li cations and bis(fluorosulfonyl)amide [FSA]- inorganic anions from the ionic liquid electrolyte, inducing high capacities (259 mAh g-1 for Fc2NiNc and 200 mAh g-1 for Fc2NiPor). The dominance of pseudocapacitive charge storage is exhibited by the Fc2NiNc and Fc2NiPor electrodes giving rise to rapid charge-discharge processes. Computational calculation conclusively demonstrates the mechanism of multi-electron redox reaction resulting in high discharge capacities and aromatic stabilization energy toward achieving a stable long-term cyclability over 1000 cycles at high current density. Furthermore, Li4Ti5O12/IL/Fc2NiNc cells exhibit high power and energy densities (234 Wh kg-1 at 118 W kg-1) and accomplish outstanding cyclability over 10 000 cycles. This work provides a strategy for designing robust organic electrode materials for dual-ion batteries. Covalently manipulated novel ferrocenyl Ni(II) norcorrole is prepared and engaged as a practical organic electrode material, captivating durable multi-redox implementations that accomplish sufficient secondary organic batteries, with superior performance compared to parallel ferrocenyl Ni(II) porphyrin, and simple Ni(II) norcorrole.image