Point-of-Care Testing (POCT) Devices for DNA Detection: A Comprehensive Review

DNA chips play a crucial role in point-of-care diagnostics by enabling rapid and accurate detection of genetic information. These chips offer high sensitivity and selectivity, allowing for the identification of specific DNA sequences associated with diseases and pathogens. Integration into lab-on-chip platforms streamlines and miniaturizes diagnostic workflows, paving the way for cost-effective, portable, and user-friendly testing devices that can revolutionize healthcare delivery. In this review, a comprehensive description of the platforms utilized in DNA analysis, including microfluidic devices and integrated DNA chips, is provided. It explores the selection and immobilization of DNA probes for improved selectivity. Additionally, it covers diverse detection techniques such as optical detection (colorimetry and fluorescence) and electrochemical techniques. In these discussions, it is aimed to provide a thorough understanding of the current state of the art in DNA biosensor-integrated lab-on-chip technology for point-of-care testing. The continued advancements in DNA chip technology hold immense promise for the development of next-generation point-of-care diagnostics, where integrated sample preparation and rapid results generation can further enhance patient outcomes and contribute to the effective management of diseases. In this review, DNA analysis platforms, microfluidic devices, and integrated DNA chips are detailed, exploring probe selection, immobilization, and varied detection methods like optics and electrochemistry, offering insights into advanced DNA-biosensor-integrated lab-on-chip technology, holding promise for improved point-of-care testing, and enhancing patient outcomes and effective disease management.image (c) 2023 WILEY-VCH GmbH