Early mobilisation within 72 hours after admission of critically ill patients in the intensive care unit: A systematic review with network meta-analysis

Introduction: Early mobilisation within 72 hours of intensive care unit admission counteracts complications caused by critical illness. The effect of different interventions on intensive care unit length of stay and other outcomes is unclear. We aimed to investigate the effectiveness of various early mobilisation interventions within 72 hours of admission to the intensive care unit on length of stay and other outcomes. Methods: A systematic review and (network) meta-analysis examining the effect of early mobilisation on length of stay in the intensive care unit and other outcomes, conducting searches in four databases. Randomised controlled trials were included from inception to 10/08/2022. Early mobilisation was defined as interventions that initiates and/or supports passive/active range-of-motion exercises within 72 hours of admission. In multi-arm studies, interventions used in other studies were declared as early intervention and were included in subgroup metaanalysis. Risk-of-bias was assessed using RoB2. Results: Of 29,680 studies screened, 18 studies with 1923 patients (three high, eleven some, four low risk-of-bias) and seven discriminable interventions of early mobilisation met inclusion criteria. Early mobilisation alone (WMD 0.78 days, 95 %CI [-1.38;-0.18], 11 studies, n = 1124) and early mobilisation with early nutrition (WMD -1.19 days, 95 %CI [-2.34;-0.03], 1 study, n = 100) were able to significantly shorten length of stay. Early mobilisation alone could also substantially shorten hospital length of stay (WMD -1.05 days, 95 %CI [- 1.74;0.36], 8 studies, n = 977). This effect in hospital length of stay was furthermore seen in the early intervention group compared with standard care (WMD -1.71 days, 95 %CI [-2.99;-0.43], 14 studies, n = 1587). Also, functionality and quality of life could significantly be improved by an early start of mobilisation. Conclusion: In the network meta-analysis, early mobilisation alone and early mobilisation with early nutrition demonstrated a significant effect on intensive care length of stay. Early mobilisation could also reduce hospital length of stay and positively influence functionality and quality of life. Implication for clinical practice: Early mobilisation and early mobilisation with early nutrition seemed to be beneficial compared to other interventions like cycling on intensive care length of stay.