Physico-chemical parameters and interaction forces associated with the clouding phenomenon of triton X-100 and ceftriaxone sodium mixture: an understanding of the impacts of potassium salts

Surfactants have the application in drug formulation purposes as common excipients. The use of surfactant in the incidence of additives improves the absorption and drug release phenomenon. Herein, the development of the clouding of non-ionic surfactants (NISs), triton X-100 (TX-100), and ceftriaxone sodium (CTS) drug mixture, in the appearance of potassium salts (KCl, K 3 PO 4 , KBrO 3 , K 2 SO 4 , and KI), has been studied by the way of cloud point (CP) measurement method. The CPs of the study system suffered a lessening as the quantities of KCl, K 3 PO 4 , KBrO 3 , and K 2 SO 4 increased while the opposite result was observed for KI salt. Aggregation within the associated solution systems may lead to a decline in the corresponding CP. The standard free energy ( Δ G_c^0 ) values reveal the non-spontaneous cloudy formation of TX-100 + CTS mixture, and non-spontaneity go through a drop with the growing electrolyte concentration. The standard enthalpy ( Δ H_c^0 ) and standard entropy ( Δ S_c^0 ) values for phase partitioning of TX-100 + CTS reveal the exothermic interaction in the presence of KCl, K 3 PO 4 , KBrO 3 , and K 2 SO 4 while mainly hydrophobic in the presence of KI salt. The intrinsic enthalpy ( Δ H_c^0,* ) values reveal that TX-100 + CTS mixture experiences the highest stability in K 3 PO 4 salt media.