[Dietary patterns and factors and their association with the anxiety in adult population: proposed recommendations based on a scoping review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses].

A high percentage of the population suffers from anxiety, a disorder that can be influenced by dietary habits. The aim of this review was to compile the existing evidence on dietary patterns and factors, and their association with anxiety to propose clinically applicable recommendations. A scoping review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses was conducted in the MEDLINE database (PubMed) until January 2021, reporting the main findings based on PRISMA (2020). To construct the search strategy, MeSH language, keywords ("diet", "nutrients", "healthy lifestyle", "anxiety") and filters were used, combined using Boolean operators. Twelve articles, seven systematic reviews with meta-analysis and five systematic reviews were selected. Several results were obtained evaluating the relationship between anxiety and different aspects of diet. The main associations found were between increased consumption of raw vegetables and fruits, substitution of refined cereals by whole grains, intake of omega-3 and omega-6 fats, and increased intake of minerals and vitamins, tryptophan and antioxidants. Based on the systematic reviews and meta-analyses included as findings, ten recommendations on food consumption that should be considered as a priority for these patients were proposed. Based on the literature reviewed, it is concluded that there are dietary patterns and factors that could have a stronger positive influence on anxiety. This proposal of evidence-based dietary recommendations may allow healthcare professionals to have updated recommendations to provide a first orientation.