Chamber Attention Network (CAN): Towards interpretable diagnosis of pulmonary artery hypertension using echocardiography

•We introduced a novel chamber attention network (CAN) that utilizes the Grad-CAM technique to assess the relevance of different chambers in identifying PAH.•The attention vector generated by the chamber attention module provides a quantitative measure of the chambers’ importance in PAH diagnosis, which aligns well with clinical knowledge and enhances the model’s interpretability.•Our CAN model achieved outstanding performance on a large training-validation dataset consisting of 13912 individual subjects.•Evaluation on an external test dataset from a different hospital demonstrated the superior generalization ability of our CAN model.