Ceria and ceria-based hybrid nanostructures as potential electrode materials for high-performance electrochemical supercapacitors

There is an imperative requirement for electrochemical energy storage systems with high-performance electrode materials that can offer instantaneous high power and energy densities. This can be achieved with pseudoca-pacitive electrode materials to store charge through the fast reversible surface or near-surface of electrodes in Faradaic reactions, which beats the constrains of electrical double-layer capacitors and batteries. Rare-earth based nanomaterials, especially ceria or cerium dioxide (CeO2), have gained significant attention due to their excellent redox properties with exceptional physical and chemical properties. This review thoroughly summa-rizes the electrochemical performance of CeO2 (chemically synthesized CeO2, MOF-derived CeO2, and metal ion-doped CeO2), CeO2-based binary hybrids (CeO2/conducting polymers, CeO2/carbon, CeO2/metal oxide, CeO2/ metal sulfides, and CeO2/other polymers), and ternary and quaternary hybrids as electrode materials for supercapacitor applications. Finally, potential abilities, challenges, future prospects, and opportunities in the development of CeO2-based hybrid materials are also discussed.