Effect of chia product supplement on anthropometric measures, blood pressure, glycemic-related parameters, lipid profile and inflammatory indicators: A systematic and meta-analysis

The present comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the effects of chia seed supplementation on anthropometric and metabolic factors. A systematic search was conducted for relevant studies up to June 2023. The meta-analysis included fourteen clinical trials comprising 729 participants. Sta-tistical analysis demonstrated that chia supplementation had a significant effect on SBP (SMD =-0.41; 95% CI:-0.59,-0.22), DBP (SMD =-0.41; 95% CI:-0.65,-0.17), TC (SMD =-0.30; 95% CI:-0.48,-0.13), LDL-C (SMD =-0.30; 95% CI:-0.50,-0.11), and TG (SMD =-0.20; 95% CI:-0.38,-0.02), while the analysis did not illustrate any significant effect on other factors. The heterogeneity among included studies in terms of duration, dose, and participants is a major limitation of the present study. Based on the current meta-analysis results, chia supplementation could have beneficial effects on dyslipidemia and hypertension, helping to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.