Two cases of prostate cancer with disseminated carcinomatosis of the bone marrow treated with novel hormonal agents.

Introduction:Disseminated carcinomatosis of the bone marrow in prostate cancer is rare and has a poor prognosis. Although strong evidence suggests that novel hormonal agents improve the prognosis of metastatic prostate cancer, their effectiveness in cases of disseminated carcinomatosis of the bone marrow remains unclear. Case presentation:We encountered two cases of prostate cancer with disseminated carcinomatosis of the bone marrow at the time of initial diagnosis. One patient was treated with enzalutamide, abiraterone, docetaxel, cabazitaxel, denosumab, and radium-223 and died 38 months after the initial diagnosis. The other patient was treated with apalutamide and denosumab, and had progression-free survival for 17 months after the initial diagnosis. Conclusion:These results suggest that novel hormonal agents may improve the prognosis of prostate cancer even in patients with disseminated carcinomatosis of the bone marrow.