A case of urinary bladder metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma following use of immunotherapy/tyrosine kinase inhibitor

Introduction Here we present a rare case of hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis to the urinary bladder in a patient with metastatic HCC. Case presentation An 83‐year‐old man developed gross hematuria during combined treatment with an anti‐programmed death‐ligand 1 inhibitor and an anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor for metastatic HCC. A contrast‐enhanced CT revealed a 15 × 15 mm soft tissue mass protruding from the posterior bladder wall. Cystoscopy further revealed a solitary submucosal mass located on the posterior wall. The patient underwent transurethral resection of bladder tumor. The pathological findings were consistent with a diagnosis of bladder metastasis from HCC. Following a 3‐week interval after the surgical intervention, salvage therapy was resumed. Conclusion During follow‐up after TUR‐BT in HCC patients who present with a bladder tumor, the possibility of HCC metastases to the urinary bladder should be excluded.