Chromosome-level genome assembly of Bactrocera correcta provides insights into its adaptation and invasion mechanisms

Bactrocera correcta is an invasive polyphagous pest with significant ecological and economic implications. Understanding its genetic characteristics and the molecular mechanisms that drive its rapid adaptation to new environments requires genomic information. In this study, we successfully assembled the chromosome-level genome of B. correcta using PacBio long-read sequencing, Illumina sequencing, and chromatin conformation capture (Hi-C) methods. The final genome assembly spans a total length of 702.65 Mb. We managed to anchor approximately 86.88% of the assembled contigs into 6 linkage groups, ranging from 17.97 Mb to 166.49 Mb. Additionally, our analysis predicted a total of 21,015 genes, with repetitive sequences accounting for 58.22% of the genome. We further identified retroelements and DNA transposons as the major contributors to the larger size of the B. correcta genome, constituting 36.06% and 30.92% of the repetitive sequences, respectively. Our divergence time estimation placed B. correcta's split from other Bactrocera species at around 5.99–16.71 million years ago. Through gene family analyses, we discovered significant expansions in chemosensory-related gene families (IR, GR), heat shock proteins (HSP60), and resistance-related gene families (ABC) in B. correcta compared to its closest relatives. Transcriptomic analysis revealed substantial upregulation of HSP genes, especially those from the HSP20 subfamily, in response to high temperatures. The availability of this reference genome serves as a foundation for the identification of precise target genes in B. correcta, facilitating molecular prevention and control strategies.