Legal regulation in the field of arms control: a forecast of future challenges

Abstract: The purpose of the article is to analyse the legal regulation in the field of arms control through the prism of forecasting possible challenges in the further functioning of this industry. To achieve this goal, the author uses the scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, the normative and dogmatic method, the systemic and structural method, and modelling. Special mention should be made of the content analysis method, which was used to process the extensive scientific literature, from which the 45 most relevant positions were selected. The scientific novelty of the article lies in the attempt to formulate specific borrowings that can be adapted from European and American practices in order to improve the situation in those countries that have embarked on the path of forming a legislative framework for the legal circulation of weapons. First of all, this novelty is relevant to the Ukrainian reality, where, as a result of Russian aggression, civilians have gained access to weapons. The results show that legal regulation of arms control and analysis of future challenges in this area are relevant subjects of research. It is found that a combination of the legislative experience of the European Union and the United States of America may be promising. In particular, it is important to develop a system that will allow legalising the weapons already owned by citizens, using the appropriate classification proposed by European regulations. This means dividing firearms into separate categories (A, B, C), which can be owned by citizens only under certain exceptional circumstances, after obtaining appropriate permits or as a result of mandatory declaration. At the same time, attention should be paid not only to the technical condition of weapons but also to the relevant medical examinations of weapons owners. The article concludes by noting that there will be challenges for law enforcement and civil society. This includes the willingness to use weapons only when really necessary, to avoid their misuse, voluntary cooperation with law enforcement agencies, and other aspects.