Flow Visualization on Submerged Flow Conditions in Open Channel Weir Downstream

Submerged flow regimes are common phenomena observed in open channel flow, such as rivers and spillways, with or without weirs. These flow regimes involve a sudden rise in the liquid surface downstream when high-velocity liquid discharges into a region of lower velocity. The rapid deceleration of the flowing liquid results in an increase in height and a conversion of kinetic energy into potential energy, with some energy dissipated as turbulence and heat. In this study, flow visualization techniques were employed to investigate the two-dimensional hydrodynamic characteristics of submerged hydraulic jumps within the Froude number range of 1.0 to 5.4 over a fixed bed. The obtained results were compared with existing literature data, showing a good agreement. This research contributes to the understanding of submerged flow phenomena and provides valuable insights into the hydrodynamics of submerged hydraulic jumps.