Magnetocaloric Effect in {cu3} -Type Compounds Using the Heisenberg Antiferromagnetic Model in a Triangular Ring

In this work we present a theoretical investigation into an antiferromagnetically coupled spin system, specifically, ${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}\text{\ensuremath{-}}X$ $(X=\mathrm{As},\mathrm{Sb})$, which exhibits an isosceles triangular configuration or slightly distorted equilateral triangular configuration, as previously identified by Choi et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 107202 (2006)]. This system can be effectively represented by the Heisenberg model on a triangular structure, taking into account the exchange interaction, the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction, $g$ factors, and external magnetic field, as delineated in the previous work. By using a numerical approach we explore both zero-temperature and finite-temperature behaviors of a ${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$-type antiferromagnetically coupled spin system. At zero temperature, the system displays a 1/3 quasiplateau magnetization when the magnetic field is varied. Moreover, we place particular emphasis on the magnetic properties, including magnetization, magnetic susceptibility, entropy, and specific heat at finite temperatures. Furthermore, we investigate the magnetocaloric effect as a function of an externally imposed magnetic field, oriented both parallel and perpendicular to the plane of the triangular structure. Interestingly, these configurations demonstrate remarkably similar behavior for both orientations of the magnetic field. Our investigation also includes an analysis of the adiabatic curve, the Gr\"uneisen parameter, and the variation in entropy when magnetic field is applied or removed. The magnetocaloric effect is found to be more prominent in low the temperature region, typically at $T\ensuremath{\sim}1\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$, for both parallel and perpendicular magnetic fields at $\ensuremath{\sim}4.5$ and $\ensuremath{\sim}5$ T, respectively.